Exploring the absence of jihadist attacks in Italy: a key factor analysis

Abstract

Italy stands out in Europe as a country that has managed to avoid major jihadist attacks, despite being a target of threats and facing similar challenges as its neighbors. This study analyses the reasons behind this resilience, focusing on the country’s distinctive mix of social, historical, and political factors. Unlike other countries with long-standing Muslim populations, Italy’s immigrant communities are relatively recent and widely dispersed, fostering better integration and fewer instances of radicalization. Additionally, the country’s approach to counterterrorism reflects lessons learned from past struggles with political extremism and organized crime, blending strict enforcement with softer measures. Furthermore, Italy’s cautious foreign policy and limited colonial history have helped reduce its visibility as a target. The research uses qualitative secondary data to analyze the country’s strategies and identify lessons by examining these factors and comparing Italy’s situation to that of France. It sheds light on what makes Italy’s approach effective while acknowledging its limitations in terms of broader applicability. The findings underscore the importance of context in addressing complex security issues and suggest areas for future exploration, including deeper engagement with affected communities and a better understanding of the interplay between integration and prevention.